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The two datasets were combined by normalizing expression of each gene to the highest expressing gene in its set.
Mathematical modeling was used to identify RNAs stably expressed in all brain regions (serving as potential markers for normalizing expression levels), linked to basic cellular functions.
In addition we suggest that GAPDH-B2M combination for normalizing expression in 'stomach cancer cell lines' and RPL29-B2M combination for comparison between normal and tumor in 'all stomach tissues'.
Generally, normalizing expression of the target genes to one or several reference genes provide an efficient way to reduce these effects and increase the relevance of the results (Huggett et al. 2005; Marabita et al. 2016).
Expression levels were estimated by normalizing expression against GAPDH.
GAPDH, G6PD, ALAS1 and B2M were used for normalizing expression data from LCLs.
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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using all genes after z-normalizing expression values to a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one across all samples.
Finally, the qPCR approach utilized here, using gDNA to normalize expression estimates, could provide more reliable results than the typical alternative of normalizing to expression of a single reference gene in any instance where relative expression estimates are needed.
The relative fold change of a gene caused by a particular treatment was calculated by first normalizing its expression to that of the reference gene (actin) in the same treated sample to obtain its normalized expression, and then comparing this normalized expression with the similarly normalized expression of the same gene in the corresponding control sample as described [ 74].
Differences in transfection efficiency were accounted for by normalizing Luc expression to β-Gal expression (Luc/β-Gal).
HPRT1 (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase 1) is a frequently used housekeeping gene for normalizing relative expression values.
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