In animal models, when given at the early stage, vasopressors were shown to be capable of restoring a quasi-normal hemodynamic status by mobilizing nonconstraint venous blood volume and thus normalizing arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and preload parameters, such as pulse pressure variations [18].
In animal models, when given at the early stage, vasopressors were shown to be capable of restoring a quasi-normal hemodynamic status by mobilizing nonconstraint venous blood volume and thus normalizing arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and preload parameters, such as pulse pressure variations [ 18].
The early phase of hemorrhage is characterized by sympathetic system activation resulting in compensatory venous and arterial vasoconstriction, aimed at normalizing arterial blood pressure [4].
The early phase of hemorrhage is characterized by sympathetic system activation resulting in compensatory venous and arterial vasoconstriction, aimed at normalizing arterial blood pressure [ 4].
This pressure was selected based on normal physiological arterial pressure.
This dose of captopril was previously found to normalize arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by [ 24, 27].
A more recent study by Jones et al. [ 19] focused on comparing two early sepsis resuscitation protocols: one was designed to normalize central venous pressure (CVP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and lactate clearance of at least 10%, and another with SvcO2 as a goal, as well as CVP and MAP, showed no difference for in-hospital mortality.
n. a. = not applied, INR = International Normalized Ratio, MAP = mean arterial pressure, PaO2/FiO2 = partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, SBP = systolic blood pressure, SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessement, SvO2 = mixed venous oxygen saturation.
aALT: alanine aminotransferase, AST: aspartate aminotransferase, CoQ10: plasma coenzyme Q10, INR: International Normalized Ratio, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, MAP: mean arterial pressure, PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen.
Abbreviations: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; INR: International Normalized Ratio; ED: emergency department; ICU: intensive care unit; DNR: do not resuscitate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; PIRO: predisposition, infection, response, organ failure score; MEDS: Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis score.
