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The results shown in Fig. 1 were the obtained γ 0(θ i ), and are reported as normalized to the surface free energy of the (111) plane of the Au (1.363 J/m2, [18]).
The fluorescence expression values in arbitrary units were normalized to the surface areas of the varicosities.
Similar trends were observed when Cr release was normalized to the surface area (File S1, Figure S2).
The calibrated mass transfer coefficients are similar to those reported in the literature if they are normalized to the surface area of the media.
The specific current density normalized to the surface area depends on the quaternary N concentration, suggesting that quaternary N creates the active sites for ORR.
For each class of NCs shapes (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3), an averaged γ plot is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, where the relative energies are normalized to the surface free energy for the (111) plane.
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It is normalized to the coseismic surface displacement (s_{mathrm{s}}).
The current density of the non-porous bio-anodes, except for the uncoated titanium anode, was comparable to the reported current densities of porous materials when normalized to the projected surface area.
The peak amplitude cellular response was normalized to the cell surface area in order to reduce variability due to cell size.
Strikingly, uptake of Tf when normalized to the lower surface levels of Tf receptor, was not affected in cells depleted of Arf1 or Cdc42.
Under the fed-batch mode, the tubular air-chamber MFCs equipped with Ni-CCA and graphite-CCA generated the maximum power densities of 86.03 and 24.67 mW m−2 (normalized to the projected cathode surface area), or 9.87 and 2.83 W m−3 (normalized to the reactor liquid volume), respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com