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We present only the normalized stance and propulsion data, since in all groups and for both legs the brake time and total stride time were not statistically different from pretreatment values.
aSD, standard deviation; OA, osteoarthritis; HA, hyaluronan; N.S., P value outside the range of Wilcoxon probability tables; bdata represent the means (±SD) (n values provided in left column) of the normalized stance and propulsion times for each experimental group on each day.
In order to capture more information related to dynamic of gait from the recorded data, all values of gait parameters measured during a gait cycle were defined as a gait pattern; namely, each gait pattern is denoted as 101 dimensions vector according to sampling at each 1% within a normalized stance phase.
aSD, standard deviation; OA, osteoarthritis; HA, hyaluronan; N.S., P value outside the range of Wilcoxon's probability tables; bdata) represent the means (±SD) (n values provided in left column) of the normalized stance and propulsion times for each experimental group on each day.
Similar(56)
All trials were time normalized across stance and averaged for each player.
As we were especially interested in changes in gait pattern due to diabetic polyneuropathy and not due to differences in body mass, GRF data (for-aft and vertical components) and joint moment curves were normalized for stance phase duration and body mass; average curves were calculated for each participant.
Without the FES device on at post treatment, the treatment group continued to demonstrate increased normalized time in stance (mean difference 0.23, 95%% CI −0.001 to 0.47; p = 0.050; d = 0.4) when compared to the control group and this was considered a small/medium effect size.
Stance Time [s] (ST).
The GRF data were processed using a zero lag low-pass Butterworth 4th order filter with a cutoff frequency of 100 Hz and then normalized to each subject's body weight and also time normalized to 100% of the stance phase.
The stance phase was normalized to 0%-100 0%-100respect to time.
Finally the EMG signals were time normalized to 100% of the stance phase, which was determined using the GRF.
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