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Results showed a low step-to-step variability of each subject, but a high subject-to-subject variability in local extrema of body-weight normalized forces and moments and impulse data.
It is shown that in order to correctly characterize the tension-shear coupling behavior in woven fabrics, instead of using global measured data, local normalized forces and displacements should be driven via a non-orthogonal transformation procedure, while considering kinematic force coupling in the setup.
As a result, normalized forces were similarly reduced than unnormalized forces in AE (−33 %), and ET-1 (−46 %).
Diaphragm muscle strips from severely cachectic C-26-tumor-bearing mice produced lower submaximal and maximal specific (normalized) forces, and forces during fatiguing electrical stimulation were also lower, compared with PF controls.
The author's implementation defines Integralforce as a sum of normalized forces within the cell integrated over time: (5) Integral force = ∫ − F active − F passive + F preload + F afterload d t, with terms representing the contribution of various forces from the model formulation.
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Fig. 20 Family of total thrust force generated by the normalized force of each water-jet.
Figure 10 Normalized force-displacement curves for SC, BCC, FCC and HCP packing of C 720.
Figure 2 Normalized force displacement curves at both low-speed crushing and impact loading.
The characteristic normalized force-displacement curve of 1-D system with five vertically lined C720s at impact speed of 50 m/s.
Typical normalized force-displacement curves for SC, BCC, FCC and HCP packing of C720 at impact speed of 50 m/s, and the impact energy per buckyball is 1.83 eV.
The characteristic normalized force-displacement curve of 1-D buckyball system with various numbers of horizontally lined C720s at impact speed of 50 m/s.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com