GAG and collagen contents were normalized by construct wet weight.
GAG content in the media was analyzed (n = 3) by using the dimethylmethylene blue assay and normalized per construct.
Therefore, all the features should be normalized before constructing the classifiers.
Transcriptional output can be estimated by comparing GFP amplification signal from cDNA between different samples after normalizing for construct incorporation and for the amount of RNA utilized (using the signal from the amplification of Spz12 as described in [7], [14]).
Clinically, it is a loss of fixation due to microstructural breakdown, indirectly measured as a reduction of stiffness of the bone-implant construct, normalized by the cross-sectional area and length of the bone.
Nevertheless, with increased concentrations of lu-VUTR, the relative luciferase activities increased when normalized with the control construct.
Light intensity for each sample was measured by using a 96-well plate reader (Microlumat Plus LB96V Luminometer, Berthold), and each value from firefly luciferase construct was normalized by renilla luciferase.
The firefly luciferase activity for each construct was normalized against Renilla reniformis luciferase activity generated from the control transcript, RlucA [ 17], that was co-electroporated into protoplasts along with the luciferase-encoding test constructs.
Double-stranded cDNA was constructed and normalized from these six isolated, purified RNA samples using the Trimmer-Direct Normalization Kit (Evrogen, Moscow, Russia) in conjunction with the Creator SMART cDNA Library Construction Kit (Clontech, Mountain View, CA).
A bar chart of the expression levels of various constructs normalized by fluorescence levels is shown in Figure 5C.
