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There was no suitable transformation available to normalize measures of calling effort and egg counts, because in many cases males did not call and females did not lay eggs, resulting in an excess of zeros in the dataset.
Lowess smoothing was used to normalize measures across individuals.
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Many investigators normalize measured values such as percentage of the contralateral, non-affected side.
Using average market sizes of tuna to normalize measured Hg concentrations constrains concentrations to ranges most likely to be found in the market and consumed (Table 2).
GAPDH was used as an internal control to normalize measured Ct values of each sample, and data were analyzed using the delta-delta Ct method.
It is customary to normalize measured PA (or OW) signals (abbreviated Ssample) by rationing them to a signal Sink obtained under identical experimental conditions from a black drawing ink that serves as a strongly absorbing reference.
This software provides a set of tools for loading, rendering, segmenting, pose normalizing, measuring point clouds data of whole body surface of livestock in a semiautomatic manner.
Standardized uptake values (SUVs) as a function of time were derived by normalizing measured radioactivity concentrations against injected dose and body weight.
Figure 8 Alternating field demagnetization (AFD) and Isothermal remanence acquisition (IRM – volume normalized) measured on JR-5A spinner magnetometer (noise limit 0.0024 mA/m) at paleomagnetic lab, Pruhonice, Czech Republic.
Enrichment factor (EF) was used to differentiate the metal source as anthropogenic or naturally occurring [12] as it normalizes measured heavy metal content with respect to a sample reference metal [12].
Mean fluorescence intensities from the selected regions were normalized, measured, and finally, analyzed.
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