Although not explicitly related to the integrated signal detection perspective presented in this paper, semantic technologies have been employed in several drug safety applications, e.g. in order to automate signal detection, address heterogeneous data integration for safety assessment, normalize drug safety data, facilitate adverse event reporting, and semantically analyze case reports.
Quality assessment by normalized unscaled standard errors (NUSE), relative log expression (RLE) and pseudo images was performed with Bioconductor package affyPLM.
The central augmentation index assessment was normalized for heart rate because of the known association between the augmentation index and heart rate (27).
To generate a common baseline for the temporal assessment with STEM, we normalized the data by adding a "0" for each gene.
Therefore, before analysis, scores on the energy and macromolecules and CO2 and ocean acidification assessments were adjusted to normalize scores to scientific design.
Normalizing the results of the postmodule assessment for each question, based on the percentage of students who answered correctly in the premodule assessment, shows an overall improvement of 66%and55%5% in the first and second semesters, respectively, in the genetics course.
An assessment of several different normalization techniques using the Bioconductor maCorrPlot routine suggested that normalize.quantiles was the most appropriate for the data.
As the biological variation in allergic phenotype among litters is typically great, it was necessary to normalize the biological variation of the lung assessments for comparisons between the two groups.
After normalizing the results based on the premodule assessment, we found students in the cell biology course had an overall improvement of 24%and15%5% in the two semesters.
The MicroCog computerized Assessment of Cognitive Functioning has been normalized and standardized for adults (Powell et al., 1993).
