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Within-array normalization was carried out by robust spline normalization of the log R/G ratio and scaling was used for between-array normalization.
Normalization was carried out by multiplying reported losses by the relative change in population, GDP or wealth within each event's footprint.
Normalization was carried out according to standard ASTM procedure (4516-85 1989).
The following data normalization was carried out at approximately 5800 6150 eV.
Normalization was carried out using the Robust Multichip Average (RMA) algorithm [63].
Normalization was carried out using the RMA algorithm [44] as implemented in Bioconductor.
Normalization was carried out using Bioconductor software (affyPLM package, RMA method).
Data normalization was carried out versus the transcript of the housekeeping 35S rRNA.
Quality control and data normalization was carried out as described [37].
Inter-array normalization was carried out using a cyclic LOWESS (Locally-weighted Regression) method.
The analysis, including normalization, was carried out using Affymetrix proprietary software.
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