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These observations suggest that the C-peptide distributions do not conform to a normal distribution, and a formal Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test for normality based on skewness and kurtosis rejected the hypothesis that the basal C-peptide or stimulated C-peptide is normally distributed (P < 0.01 for both basal and stimulated C-peptide).
We assumed data normality based on these distributions; therefore, fold change values greater than two deviations from the mean are considered 95% likely to represent significant differences in tyrosine phosphorylation.
The data were subjected to a test for normality based on the skewness and kurtosis of the underlying frequency distribution.
However, this order may be reversed, and formal tests of normality based on residuals may be carried out.
Study specific correlation coefficients were transformed to approximate normality based on Fisher's z transformation and combined across studies with random effects meta-analysis.
Therefore, item 4 at first assessment and items 3, 4, 13/14, 18, and 27 at second assessment had questionable normality based on their skewness values, whereas Item 4 at first assessment and items 4 and 27 at second assessment had questionable normality based on their kurtosis values.
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Table 1 Requirement of base for neutralization of Plant water (pH: 3.2) Base Normality (N) Base required (mL) Sample water (mL) pH Amount of base required for neutralization (g/m3) NaOH 0.05 2.6 10.05.7 52.0.052CO3 0.05 8.0.050.056 84.8.
Table 4 Neutralization of Plant water (pH 3.2) with filtrate of raw lime suspension Water (mL) Normality (N) Base required (mL) pH Amount of neutralizing base (g/m3) 100.0 0.1 2.8 5.2 39.2 100.0 0.1 3.0 6.1 42.0 100.0 0.1 3.1 7.2 43.4 (iii) Neutralization experiments with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) .
Table 5 Neutralization of Plant water (pH 3.7) with calcium carbonate suspension Water (mL) Normality (N) Base required (mL) pH Amount of neutralizing base (g/m3) 500 0.1 0.2 4.8 4.0 500 0.1 0.3 6.0 6.0 500 0.1 0.7 7.2 14.0 (iv) Neutralization experiments with hydrated lime, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH 2 .
Then, we checked data normality and, based on the result of normality, we used the the paired, two-sided t-test with α = 0.05 (normal data) or the nonparametric paired, two-sided Wilcoxon test (Signed Rank) or its Asymptotic version with α = 0.05 (non-normal data).
Eve Myles describes the character as Gwen's "normality base".
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