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Ratios are normalised based on the value of the peak closest to one.
The current for all electrochemical analysis was normalised based on the electrochemically active surface area (EASA) of Pt and Pt-Ru.
The raw data was normalised based on the expression of mouse Gapdh (VIC-labelled assay on demand, Applied Biosystems).
Measurements were made from each cDNA reaction in duplicate and normalised based on the average of the normalised expression of four housekeeping genes.
The data were normalised based on the quantum yields of the four fluorescent dyes and different hybridisation properties of the oligonucleotides using a software tool developed in-house.
Samples were normalised based on the total RNA concentration prior to the cDNA synthesis, since housekeeping genes such as ACT1 and IPP1 were observed in the microarrays to change considerably between phases of growth on D-glucose or ethanol, stationary phase and accumulation of D-xylonate and could therefore not be used as internal standards.
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In Method 1, the content of different nutrients in the diet was normalised based on recommended intake or upper levels for average daily intake and presented together with the environmental impacts, which were normalised according to estimated sustainable levels.
Spot signal intensity was determined after local background subtraction and normalised based on total signal intensity of all genes on the array except for genes encoding rRNAs.
After image reconstruction of data captured from the nanoScan PET-CT scans (Figure 3b), the catheter regions were cropped from the whole body image and scales normalised based on injected activity in order to visualise activity associated with the catheter (Figure 5a).
The daily mean temperature is normalised based on each region and season and classified into five categories as 'very cold', 'cold', 'normal'warm'rm', and 'very warm'.
Apoptotic cells were counted manually by an observer unaware of the treatment regime and were normalised based on polyp area.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com