More fundamentally, Chinese teachers did not experience real, traditional scientific inquiry at all during their normal university undergraduate study (Zhang and He 2012) or in-service training programmes.
To qualify takes seven years: there's the normal three-year undergraduate degree, followed by a year out at an architects' practice; then there are another two years back at university, followed by a further year out.
However, my educational background was relatively modest as I went to a normal university for my undergraduate work instead of a "grande école".
In all experiments, participants (166 in total: 60 in experiment 1, 18 in experiment 2, 64 in experiment 3, and 24 in experiment 4) were volunteers naïve to the experimental aims, and were predominantly undergraduate students with normal vision or corrected-to-normal vision.
To test the extent to which people can compensate for this immobility, Wiegrebe and colleagues recruited eight undergraduates with normal vision to don blindfolds and learn some basic echolocation skills.
The validity of the MASQ was assessed across five samples: three undergraduate students; a normal adult population; and patients from a substance abuse program.
The 43 students were undergraduates at Escuela Normal Rural Raúl Isidro Burgos, a teachers college, in Ayotzinapa, with a history of activism.
Case in point: A study of Northwestern undergraduates in a normal weight range, published in 2010, showed the thinner women more likely to join a sorority.
The DeFT was administered to 49 male and female undergraduate students selected from a normal population-base.
