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The results show that the shear strength parameters increases with increasing the density and normal stress level.
To facilitate design and application, an expression for the top envelope surface of the concrete spalling is presented by keeping the x-axis and the y-axis the same, and the normal stress level of concrete extreme fiber in the pre-compression zone of a slab at ambient temperature as the z-axis.
Based on the test results, an expression for the top envelope surface of the concrete spalling is presented by taking the average standard concrete cube strength at ambient temperature as the x-axis, the concrete water content at ambient temperature as the y-axis, and the normal stress level of concrete extreme fiber in the pre-compression zone of a slab at elevated temperature as the z-axis.
The velocity variation amplitude depends on stress-state mode, normal stress level and the primary (before loading) rock elastic properties.
The shear stiffness (Ks) was computed for each test and for each normal stress level (Tables 3, 4).
Data was collected at high stress levels and was used to predict the product life at the normal stress level and to improve the product reliability.
Similar(43)
Hydrated specimens were sheared at eleven different normal stress levels.
The very high normal stress levels account for the conditions of seizure on the rake face.
Three distinct particle size mixtures of glass beads were tested by an intermediate direct shear apparatus at four normal stress levels and three shearing rates.
The bottom of the ice was in contact with the clay, with a 4 m2 footprint, and normal stress levels up to 23 kPa.
However, some differences between the suction and degree of bonding of the samples taken from different locations might probably have been contributed to the separation of the bi-linear behaviour at different normal stress levels.
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