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As an illustration, take Kuhn's portrayal of "normal" science.
The first he christened "normal science" – business as usual, if you like.
They generally agreed, too, that his pivotal distinction between revolutionary and normal science was hard to sustain.
These revolutions have a Maoist effect: Chomskyan doctrine never becomes entirely public, part of normal science, but stays rooted in the man himself.
This is the paradigm shift of modern parlance and after it has happened the scientific field returns to normal science, based on the new framework.
Kuhn no longer represents scientific advance as a linear progression from pre-normal science to normal science, through crisis to revolution that results in a new phase of normal science.
If much of normal science relies upon this piece of equipment, normal science will find it difficult to continue with confidence until this anomaly is addressed.
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The most prominent characteristic of post-normal science is the extension of the peer community.
In this corner, the earlier lessons learned from post-normal science could be deployed.
A shift from normal to post-normal science is called for.
Less conventional applications of chemical engineering lie in public sector decisions, using the approach known as post-normal science.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com