These so-called "gemmules" are expelled from the adult sponge and, in some marine species, serve as a normal reproductive process or, sometimes, as a means to carry the sponges over periods of unfavourable conditions when the adults degenerate; e.g., drought, temperature extremes.
Moreover, the teleost fish species Xiphophorus helleri adapted easily to the micro-g environment and maintained its normal reproductive functions.
Estrogens are essential for normal reproductive activity in female and male vertebrates.
Many infertile men who do not produce sperm still have normal reproductive stem cells, called spermatogonia.
This pulsatile pattern is important for the normal sensitivity of GnRH receptors of LH and FSH producing cells and therefore for normal reproductive health.
Reproductive function is an unmet need in patients who may desire to have a normal reproductive life and therefore warrants attention.
The estrogens are essential for normal reproductive activity in female and male vertebrates and appear to have direct actions during sex determination in some vertebrates.
At high doses, both ATRA and DACT can disrupt the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in rats, thereby altering normal reproductive function.
Too much of this hormone too soon can disrupt an animal's normal reproductive patterns, leading, for example, to parents producing offspring before they can care for them.
It was shown on the SLS-89 and SLS-90 space shuttle missions with the C.E.B.A.S.-MINI MODULE that the edible non gravitropic rootless higher aquatic plant Ceratophyllum demeresum exhibits an undisturbed high biomass production rate in space and that the teleost fish species, Xiphophorus helleri, adapts rapidly to space conditions without loss of its normal reproductive functions.
Objective: To investigate whether follicular phase characteristics associated with ovarian aging can be observed in women of normal reproductive age, who had previously shown a poor response to ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF.
