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Tang et al. [19] model normal orientations and discontinuities with two coupled Markov random fields (MRFs).
Another potential concern is that the normal orientations of pig and human are prone and upright, respectively.
For normal or near normal orientations, pipeline is expected to fail due to beam buckling at very small fault offsets.
The latter coincides with the growth of normal bands thicknesses, as the APC texture after flow cessation consists of two types of bands with parallel and normal orientations relative to the flow direction.
We study the instrumented Vickers micro-indentation of single-crystal Ti 50.9 at% Ni shape-memory alloys with systematically varied surface normal orientations ([100], [210], [111] and [221]) and Ti3Ni4 precipitate sizes (0 nm, 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm and 500 nm).
On the one hand, the upper torso and leg were selected in order to quickly characterize normal orientations (standing, laying, and sitting positions).
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Whenever the monsoon trough on the eastern side of the summertime Asian monsoon is in its normal orientation (oriented east-southeast to west-northwest), tropical cyclones along its periphery will move with a westward motion.
This interpretation is evidenced by the difference in preferred c-axis orientations between the fine- and coarse-grained parts, where the preferred c-axis orientation in the latter part is more closely oriented in the vein normal orientation than in the former part (Figures 2 and 4).
The reason is that in most case the normal orientation is optimal.
Interestingly, the power failure was consistent with their normal orientation as they reported business-as-usual feelings.
EGI is a kind of histogram that summarizes the surface normal orientation statistics crossways the facial surface.
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