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These cells were then transferred to a medium containing the normal isotope of nitrogen, 14N, and allowed to go through cell division.
The rate-limiting step is identified by the pressure dependence and the normal isotope effect for hydrogen absorption.
All the experimental values of ε (ε e) for the C6 C9 LMWHs are negative, indicating the enrichment of 13C in the residual liquids and "normal isotope fractionation" during vaporization.
We have standardized data in two different formats: '*.iso' (this is the extension for normal isotope files, which can be used in both data management and data analyser modules) and '*.isx' (this is the extension for data generated by the data reader, after parsing existing data lists, e.g. from Excel files).
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For stable isotope labeling (SILAC), cells expressing vector controls, UBB+1, or UBB+1 and Vms1 were grown in media supplemented either with Lys0 and Arg0 (normal isotopes), or with Lys4 and Arg6, or with Lys8 and Arg10 (heavy isotopes, Silantes).
The implication is that the presence of PrP inhibits mechanisms that would otherwise regulate the Cu content to maintain the normal Cu isotope ratio.
In the first application, the method was employed to monitor and corroborate the normal kinetic isotope effect that has been suggested to link the rate limiting step of water gas shift to formate decomposition via C H bond cleaving.
Biogenic gases were reported to exhibit a "normal" carbon isotope order of δ13C1 < δ13C2 < δ13C3 < δ13C4, while abiogenic gaseous hydrocarbons in igneous rocks and meteorites exhibit a reversed distribution pattern in the order of δ13C1 > δ13C2 > δ13C3 > δ13C4.
A normal kinetic isotope effect was identified in switching from CO + D2O to CO + H2O, and the magnitude of the KIE was identical to that of steam-assisted formic acid decomposition, where the label was placed at the C H bond: HCOOH + H2O to DCOOH + H2O.
Routine negative controls included deletion of primary and secondary antibody and substitution of normal IgG isotope for primary antibody.
In the work presented here, hydroperoxidation kinetic studies of AA in the absence of ATP revealed a normal solvent isotope effect (SIE) for Vmax[AA] (1.8 ± 0.2) and an inverse SIE for Vmax/ Km[AA] (0.66 ± 0.3) (Table 4).
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