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In the model, the contact region is divided into zones according to different curvature radii of wheel/rail profiles, and each zone is modified by the principle (the normal gaps of contact patch boundaries being equal to each other).
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Moreover, the normal gap between two vehicles is around 1.5 s, which is equivalent to 30 m gap [18].
In the proposed formulation the design variables are defined in terms of the normal gap between the contact bodies.
A direct optimization method for railway wheel profiles is put forward based on the weighed normal gap between wheel and rail at the contact point.
The symmetry of the valence orbital is indicated in the parentheses, which is either, s (normal gap) or p (inverted gap), corresponding, respectively, to the parity eigenvalue: δ s = +1 or δ p = -1.
The larger effective transport gap of path 2 (HOMO-5/LUMO+2) in respect to the normal gap of path 1 (HOMO/LUMO) can explain the difference in conductance between the two configurations.
At 29°C, WT embryos have been shown to display normal gap gene expression [39], and have a more rapid, but still normal, lengthening of the cell cycle between cycles 10 14 (Figure 8C D).
Importantly, asexual parasite growth and production of salivary gland sporozoites in the mosquito were unaffected ensuring normal GAP production.
The median follow-up for patients with elevated gap density was longer than that for patients with normal gap density (13 vs. 17 months, P=0.02).
Normal gap density was defined as ≤6%, which was the estimated 95th percentile of the control population from our previous study.
It has been found that R205G[Gja8] fails to form normal gap junction channels and has an inhibitory effect on coexpressed WT Cx50 and Cx46 proteins [ 26].
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