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Percentiles were based on a preliminary norm sample of about 300 adolescents and young adults.
Their mean reading quotient (M = 100, SD = 15) based on the norm sample was below 70, whereas that of the nonimpaired readers was about average.
A national norm sample was compared on the SF-36.
The NORM sample was matched with the patient sample on age and gender.
The factor scores were further converted into IQ scores using the Austrian norm sample.
Component analysis with Varimax rotation was performed in the NORM sample.
Similar(38)
Raw values were expressed in percentiles (derived from age-matched norm samples), in order to achieve age-independent test scores.
This is achieved by quantitatively comparing problem behavior scores of the target group with scores of control groups (i.e., children with healthy parents) or non-clinical norm samples when studies omitted controls.
For example, children in a study by Patterson et al. had ECBI scores of three-quarters of a standard deviation above the norm; samples in other studies using community samples are similar (ECBI scores 1.5 SDs above the mean; >75th percentile on a paediatric behaviour problems screener).
If a child, who was classified as being dyslexic by the teacher, was not significantly worse than the norm-sample in the standardized spelling test, he/she was excluded from the study.
The scores are standardised to population norms (based on a US norm-sample), with the mean score set at 50 (SD 10); lower scores indicate worse health, and higher scores better health.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com