where m is any real number greater than 1, u ij is the degree of membership of x i in the cluster j, x i is the i th of d-dimensional measured data, c j is the d-dimension center of the cluster, and ∥*∥ is any norm expressing the similarity between any measured data and the center.
Be that as it may, all of us are governed at least in part by the ethical and social norms expressed in the common-sense wisdom of proverbs.
In addition, the courts could refer to ethical norms expressed in various university documents (e.g. code of ethics) as well as to substantial foreign case law in the field.
The resulting model has identified the following modes: law (statutory legislation), self-regulation (privacy policies and self-regulation of the online advertising industry), code (the way services are designed and their system architecture), and norms (expressed as user behaviour and collectively as market behaviour).
However, these traditional approaches can only be well used to associate marker genotypes with single phenotypic values of a trait, and have less power to map a phenotype, such as thermal reaction norms, expressed as an "infinite-dimensional" curve.
"Critically, the values and norms expressed in these programs were tailored to the age and experience of the target population.
The attitudes and norms expressed by the women in our study confirm a high degree of gender inequality in married couples, particularly among women who were married to poorly educated husbands (less than 9 years).
The attitudes and norms expressed by the women confirm that unequal gender relationships are more common among women living in the highlands and being married to poorly educated men.
The Luxemburg norm and the Orlicz norm are expressed as ∥ x ∥ Φ = inf { λ > 0 : I Φ ( x λ ) ≤ 1 }. and ∥ x ∥ Φ ∘ = inf k > 0 1 k ( 1 + I Φ ( k x ) ), respectively.
Then, on the basis of the Euler theorem (Dubrovin et al. 1992), the curvature k y of the line L can be equalized to appropriate normal curvature k norm of the surface Σ in the direction of the curve L. In its turn, the curvature k norm is expressed through principal curvatures k 1, k 2 of the surface Σ k^{text{norm}} = k_{y} = k_{1} cos^{2} theta + k_{2} sin^{2} theta.
