However, acoustic propagation through water is a highly nonlinear process that inherently differs in attenuation, nonlinearity, and path heterogeneity from propagation in tissue.
In block γ (Fig. 6), the ESA-HM directly exploits the cascaded nature of the nonlinear echo path (memoryless nonlinearity f, followed by an impulse response h k)): the IR h(k) is equalized by an adaptive linear filter with coefficients (hat {h}_{text {eq},l} (k)) for tap l at time k.
We usually associate digital technology with nonlinearity, the forking paths that Web surfers beat through the Internet's underbrush as they click from link to link.
This paper thus seeks to determine the adequacy of a thin or thick shell approximation, taking into account geometric nonlinearity, complex equilibrium paths, limit points and bifurcation buckling, extensive material ductility and linear strain hardening.
Land use systems are complex adaptive systems, and they are characterized by emergence, nonlinearity, feedbacks, self organization, path dependence, adaptation, and multiple-scale characteristics.
It must be noted that the nonlinearity of the propagation path is only insignificant in very shallow waters where the variation of sound velocity with respect to depth is small.
Note that, despite large values of T60 for some setups, the echo reduction performance in the experiments is not limited by the filter length but by the nonlinearity of the echo path (see Section 5.2.2 for a quantitative analysis of the amount of nonlinearity in the recordings).
The resulting overall system ideally consists of the first component of the Hammerstein echo path, namely the nonlinearity.
In this paper, a novel architecture for robotic seam tracking using an industrial robot and off-the-shelf sensors is proposed to compensate the residual errors that are commonly observed in high-precision robotic laser welding due to the nonlinearity of a seam and the fast path drifts along a robot path.
This paper focuses on a class of uncertain nonlinear systems which are subject to norm-bounded parameter uncertainty in the forward path and a vector-valued periodic nonlinearity in the feedback path, and addresses robust analysis and synthesis problems for such systems.
