In tapping-mode AFM, the tip surface interactions are strongly nonlinear, rapidly changing and hysteretic.
All properties except density exhibited nonlinear relationships with changing molar ratio of the DNAPL.
Systematic calculations were performed in order to identify suitable operating conditions as a function of averaged desorbent concentrations taking into account the locally changing nonlinear adsorption equilibria.
Thermal stress modeling in concrete members is nonlinear because of changing early-age material properties such as Poisson's ratio, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), the modulus of elasticity, and the concrete strength.
Recently, CGNNs with Markovian jumping parameters have been extensively studied due to the fact that systems with Markovian jumping parameters are useful in modeling abrupt phenomena such as random failures, operating in different points of a nonlinear plant, and changing in the interconnections of subsystems [13 18].
A comparison of local webs assembled from randomly structured source webs with local webs assembled from source webs generated by the niche model shows that the former have higher species richness at equilibrium, but have a nonlinear response to changing extinction rates.
However, since the power system is highly nonlinear with fast changing dynamics, it is a challenging problem to design an online system monitor/estimator, which can provide dynamic intra-area and inter-area information such speed deviations of generators to an adaptive WAC continuously.
Across the collagen sheets of fascia, in the direction transverse to the fibrillar axis, the phase of the second order nonlinear susceptibility is changing by 180 degrees between adjacent nano-domains.
Uncertainties begin with the climate models themselves, due to such factors as the complexity of climate systems, the possibility of nonlinear responses to changing greenhouse gas concentrations, variations in assumptions/model input, and lack of resolution at the regional and national levels.
Fibrils are found to be arranged in nano-domains where the anisotropic axis is preserved along the fibrillar axis, while across the collagen sheets, the phase of the second order nonlinear susceptibility is changing by 180 degrees between adjacent nano-domains.
