None switched off after the earthquake have restarted, and only three of 54 reactors in the country are operating, because local governors refuse to grant approval to others.
We have shown earlier that this p53-AKT network predicts an all-or-none switching behavior between a pro-survival cellular state (low p53 and high AKT levels) and a pro-apoptotic state (high p53 and low AKT levels).
We have shown earlier [41] that the p53-AKT network predicts an all-or-none (bistable) switching behavior between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic states, and will now show how this switch is affected by p53-MDM2 oscillations.
While 15 Democratic state legislators in South Carolina became Republicans in the early 1990's, none have switched in the last three years.
Here, we use single-cell fluorescence imaging to show that an all-or-none switch is induced before lipid accumulation occurs.
As noted by Waddington, cells and tissues rarely get stuck in intermediate forms, but choose between alternate types suggestive of all-or-none switches [27].
Developmental gene regulation often is viewed as a series of all-or-none switches that turn genes on or off to promote cell identity and function.
This abrupt transition underlies an all-or-none, switch-like response and signifies a true discontinuity that precludes the cell from settling at an intermediate state.
Indeed, it is known that the expression kinetics on a single cell level can exhibit an all-or-none switch like behavior, unlike the seemingly gradual change of expression when measured as a population average [ 39].
It is commonly thought that the existence of bimodal signaling behavior on the population level is indicative of so-called digital behavior (such as all-or-none switches) of the underlying signaling network in single cells.
Specifically it was shown that phosphatase activity/amount could predict whether a signaling system will operate in a proportional-response-mode, or as an all-or-none-switch [ 17] susceptible to generate disproportional network responses.
