We also use our IT intensity index to estimate industry-specific elasticities of substitution between IT and non-IT intensive labor, finding values of 1.6 in manufacturing and 1.3 in services.
A non-labor intensive, non-destructive method based on image processing was developed to measure residence time distribution in a laboratory extrusion process.
The current trend towards globalization forces the AEC community to change its practical approach from a non-systematic, labor-intensive to a systematic one.
Of these two, the latter is standardized, non-labor-intensive, and allows minimal opportunity for contamination, thereby making it the preferred method for diagnosis.
The povidone-iodine aerosolized foam could potentially serve as a non-labor intensive antimicrobial agent for surgical site preparation.
Additionally, most methods are either costly, labor intensive or rely on infrastructures which are non-existent in developing countries.
Existing standard non-molecular diagnostic methods such as viral culture and immunofluorescent (DFA) are time-consuming, labor intensive or limited sensitivity.
This method is not only labor intensive, semi quantitative assay at best, but also needs fresh, non-cryopreserved cells.
While hardware-based sub-metering is costly and labor-intensive, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is capable of gathering detailed energy-use data with minimal equipment cost and installation time.
However, once we include the labor-intensive non-tradable sector, this prediction no longer holds; with favorable terms of trade, wages can be higher under free trade (see also Galiani et al. 2009).13 In this case, path dependence is introduced by assuming that physical capital adjusts slowly and that impatient workers are the pivotal group in the political process.
More recently, Bassett and colleagues [ 46] measured physical activity levels in a North American labor-intensive, non-technological Amish farming community.
