These network effects can be disaggregated to pecuniary and non-pecuniary effects.
Understanding such heterogeneity is important for improving the cost-effectiveness of non-pecuniary programs, extending them to other populations and probing the mechanisms through which the treatment effects arise.
But the commitment to use non-pecuniary measures and to ensure the fight has no negative fiscal effect shows how hemmed in the Greek government is.
Similarly, we can think of γ as a vector of the lifetime non-pecuniary benefit stream that i experiences as a result of studying major j.
Status, a non-pecuniary reward that is potentially efficient, can also be an effective incentive.
Perhaps non-pecuniary aid like food would deliver safer returns with a lower risk of unintended side-effects?
This multiplicity suggests that "packages" of pecuniary and non-pecuniary incentives rather than singular incentives, such as current strategies of offering only higher salary, will have a greater effect on rural recruitment.
Do we even extend that to offering newly appointed colleagues a choice of employment packages, where they can choose between different pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits?
Manufacturing jobs are still often treated as "better"—in some vague, non-pecuniary way than paper-pushing is.
It added: "The finding of a violation constitutes in itself sufficient just satisfaction for any non-pecuniary damage sustained by the applicants …".
Here there may be a happy congruence of society's need for more volunteers and the non-pecuniary benefits for individuals who step forward.
