Mass reference is not reference to things, but to concrete non-particular stuff.
Rather, the basic stuff is non-particular 'quantum foam', or mass-energy, fields, or structures.
It is useful to think of a universal in this sense as a non-particular individual (Chakrabarti, 1995).
But, given the flux and opacity of such views, one should not quickly and whole-heartedly embrace the notion of a fundamental non-particular stuff either.
That processes, both microphysical and macrophysical, are best conceived of as non-particular and indeterminate individuals is argued by Seibt (1990 , 2002.
Non-conceptual perception is awareness of a "non-particular individual" (Chakrabarti, 1995) and can be assigned the intentional role of a qualifier in virtue of the recognitional abilities acquired by the subject on the basis of the perceptual episode.
The subject sees a non-particular individual but, since there is no apperceptive or conscious awareness, the subject does not see it as an instance of a universal or a qualifier.
Chadha explicates Gaṅgeśa's insight that a qualifier is given as a non-particular individual, neither divorced from nor joined to the qualificandum and, therefore it is wrong to suggest that lack of apperceptive evidence implies that non-conceptual perception is not an intentional perceptual state.
It is unclear what the addition of the attribution of 'concrete non-particulars' to the plural analysis is doing, and doubtful that it clarifies matters.
In the first instance, if Aristotle does accept the existence of non-substantial particulars, he certainly does not think that they can exist apart from primary substances — indeed, it is most natural to interpret Aristotle on this point as thinking that a non-substantial particular is a dependent entity, individuated only by reference to primary s substance that it is present in.
In particular, non parametric testing (Wilcoxon, Rank Sum) was adopted for feature selection.
