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We find that firm size, ownership structure, and the level of education among both managers and non-managers positively impacts management performance.
For non-managers, two weeks' SPP. Other benefits: Provision for childcare vouchers, flexible working, and flexible return-to-work.
In 1972, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average hourly wage of non-managers and production workers was $9.26, measured in constant (or inflation-adjusted) dollars.
Older workers and managers reported washing their hands more often than younger workers and non-managers.
Occupational category (white-collar vs. blue-collar) and position (manager vs. non-manager) were examined as relevant socioeconomic indices.
We provide evidence that investors tend to attribute external (i.e., non-manager-related) causes of firm performance to managers' performance.
Source: BLS, earnings are for blue-collar factory workers and non-managers in services.
But she said it was "impossible to try and live on those wages," especially when full-time hours are elusive for non-managers.
The Department of Labor considers "this current test a "loophole" in U.S. wage-and-hour law that lets employers treat many workers as overtime-ineligible managers even if a lot of their work is the same as non-managers, who do get overtime".
(By contrast, the United States requires overtime pay for non-manager workers who work more than 40 hours a week. But even after a regulatory change by President Barack Obama goes into effect, half of the American workforce will be exempt from mandatory overtime).
The results comparing managers and non-managers are similar despite this difference.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com