Various ethical issues are associated with agrifood nanotechnology, linked to the ethical concepts of autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance and justice (ensuring safety, effective risk assessment, transparency, consumer benefits and choice, animal welfare and environmental protection).
A codebook was developed around beneficence, non-malfeasance, equity, and autonomy.
Cultural norms of all ethnicities in Pakistan place a higher value on beneficence and non-malfeasance relative to autonomy.
These elements strongly echo the biomedical ethics principles of beneficence and non-malfeasance established by Beauchamp and Childress [ 41].
Before submission to the committee the protocol was reviewed with regard to ethical issues related to the participants, particularly considering non-malfeasance, autonomy, and fidelity [ 30].
Participants were given both oral and written information in line with the four principal requirements of the Helsinki Declaration: autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence, and justice [ 30].
Prior to the 1970s, medical care of the seriously ill was generally physician-directed by the ethical principles of beneficence and non-malfeasance [ 1].
Providing care while remaining within the restrictions of the law may conflict with ethical principles such as non-malfeasance and beneficence [ 36].
The principle of non-malfeasance underlines the need for vigilance on harmful effects and the obligation to regularly evaluate and communicate potentially damaging effects through an analysis of practices, and to do everything possible to minimize them.
The right to know the results of a biomonitoring project are vital to supporting the Belmont Report's [ 44] core tenets of autonomy, beneficence, non-malfeasance, and justice [ 46, 47].
