Differently from men who had monopolized the public area through their jobs, for a long time, women's own areas, namely the private area and home, were linked with non-expertise and traditionality.
We assert that adaptive skill is the conditio sine qua non of expertise and conclude with suggestions for further research.
The aim is to bring non-political expertise to a problem.
In addition, it is time to incorporate non-technical expertise: Lay publics, social scientists and farmers have access to relevant societal knowledge that has to inform risk assessment.
To see what events and skills make an engineer, we explored the life pathways of Makers, a self-identified group of creatives that bridge across many areas of technical and non-technical expertise.
In contrast, risk assessment procedures take technologies for granted, non-technical expertise is not considered relevant and sociopolitical analyses about technology implementation are addressed as a problem per se.
In particular, the concept of reflexivity is often restricted to building social legitimacy for the results of a new kind of 'complex systems science', with little consideration of the role of non-scientific expertise and social innovators in the design of the research practice itself.
Gates spins it positively, and adds that another way the rest of the world can help out is with a "civilian surge" of non-military expertise, and police-training.
EVD care must occur in a work environment that draws on non-clinician expertise.
A holistic, environmentally situated sort of science used a range of (often non-scientific) expertise to prove the laboratory wrong time after time.
The third repertoire was "professionalizing adolescent pregnancies" and lead to patronizing attitudes towards adolescents and disregard of the importance of non-medical expertise.
