Divergent ITS paralogs were proved to coexist in individual genomes, suggesting a non-concerted mechanism of evolution in the ITS region of O. sinensis.
The results show that the four evaluation criteria exhibit intimate correlations with the difference of adsorbility (ΔAD) of adsorbates but with non-concerted changing tendency.
It is generally believed that nrDNA conforms to concerted evolution in most eukaryotes; however, intraindividual intraspecific polymorphisms of this region were reported in various organisms, suggesting a non-concerted evolutionary process.
The non-concerted change of E-cadherin mRNA and protein suggested that the mRNA up-regulation was a compensatory adjustment in response to the decrease in the quantity of protein.
In our previous efforts, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) revealed a poorly resolved phylogeny due to non-concerted evolution of nrDNA arrays.
Similarly, our previous study in Pyrus [ 28] revealed a history of non-concerted evolution of ITS and a poorly resolved phylogenetic tree.
Our data are consistent with the gene conversion model outlined by Kumazawa et al. [ 26]; however, similar to Thalassarche albatrosses, multiple recombination points are needed to explain the non-concerted evolution of the 5' section of the control region [ 5].
Hence, to disentangle in more detail the different patterns of concerted and non-concerted evolution that shaped the P. caudatum Hsp70 gene family, further gDNA/genome analyses would be necessary to unveil potential hsp70 pseudogenes in P. caudatum.
The alternate possibility is a non-concerted pathway where a third equivalent of benzyne is attacked by the nucleophilic enamine like intermediate III to produce iminium IV, followed by intramolecular conjugated addition to afford V. Two mechanistic possibilities are envisioned for the final oxidation, where the first mechanism involves a direct 1,4-oxidation to yield 5a.
The second way is through a non-concerted reaction, which results in intermediate structures consisting of highly reaction carbon species.
However, as is the case in both birds and mammals, brain evolution in Tanganyikan cichlids is not purely mosaic and our results also suggest a non-negligible role for concerted evolution [ 1, 3, 12].
