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Distance traveled and swimming speeds were quantified; nominal treatment levels were analytically verified by isotope-dilution LC MSMS.
Sample A, as the reference sample, employed pure N2 carrier gas during the temperature ramp-up process, while samples B and C were grown with 20 s H2 treatment, after each LT-cap layer growth but before the growth of each GaN barrier layer, at nominal treatment temperatures 730 and 850 °C, respectively.
We retain the division of control subjects into their assigned nominal treatment, to retain a pseudofactorial design with a priori identity between the control subject cells.
The chi-squared test was applied for mortality data, the t-test was used for the comparison of egg production between identical nominal treatment groups at different temperatures, and the Weir test was employed to detect imposex intensities.
Third, a nominal treatment interaction was observed such that, compared with patients without DM, patients with DM had a significantly greater relative reduction in hospitalization for unstable angina or coronary revascularizations.
When there is no imbalance, the adjusted treatment effect equals the nominal treatment effect and here ANCOVA is more powerful than ANOVA by virtue of its greater precision [ 18, 31, 32].
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To quantify bias associated with the estimates of effect by ANOVA and CSA, the following indices were computed: bia s ANOVA = β ANCOVA − β ANOVA bia s CSA = β ANCOVA − β CSA Bias was assessed not in relation to the nominal standardized treatment effect, as this effect is liable to be biased in the presence of confounding.
The chi-squared test was used to test for a nominal association between treatment modalities and the need for surgical intervention, and to test for a nominal association between fracture of the medial calcar region and the need for surgical intervention.
Mice were randomized into nominal control and treatment groups, each containing n = 6 to 12 mice (Table 2), allowing 42 comparisons of two-sample two-sided t-tests to be performed on FDG-PET data collected before any treatment was administered.
Consequently 95% credible intervals may not retain nominal coverage, and treatment rank probabilities may become distorted.
As a result, 95% credible intervals may not maintain their nominal coverage, and treatment rank probabilities may be distorted [ 10, 15].
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