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There may be evidence for increased villous area per unit intestinal nominal surface area in bats.
Using a digital caliper, two measures of length and four of width were taken to estimate nominal surface area of each portion.
First, increased villous area per unit intestinal nominal surface area might be associated with more cell junctions across which paracellular transport occurs, if villus lengths are increased mainly by increase in number of similar-sized enterocytes.
Small flying bats and birds may share the characteristics of relatively small guts with less nominal surface area and relatively high paracellular absorption, compared with similar sized nonflying mammals [30].
A central dilemma that emerges in this consideration of bats vs. nonflying mammals is how bats satisfy relatively high energy needs with relatively low intestinal nominal surface area for absorption.
SAD mouse red cells with nominal surface area of 90 µm2 exhibited respective values of 1.3 ×10−3 µS cm−2 and 9.6×10−3 µS cm−2 (Figure 7).
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A swollen Hep-MA/PANI film in 1 M HCl solution (nominal sample surface area = 0.5 × 0.5 cm) was inserted between two stainless current collectors to form a sandwich-like cell.
In situ surface characterisation revealed the active surface area increases on increasing nominal CeO2-content.
The concept configuration consists of 48 hexagonal heliostats for a total reflecting surface area of 8.7 m2 and a nominal power of 5 kWth.
An in vitro study was designed to monitor the t m transformation of biomedical grade 3Y-TZP ceramics produced from two ready-to-press granulated powders of the same nominal chemical composition, but differing in their specific surface area.
During the study period, patients were treated via CVVH with the Prismaflex system (Gambro, Lund, Sweden) using a polyarylethersulfone (PAES) filter, which has a nominal molecular weight cut-off of 50 kDa and a surface area of 1.4 m.
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