When 10% random noises are added, the convergence time increased and the relative estimation errors between estimated parameters and nominal parameters increased with the increase of noise.
Descriptive analysis included the frequency of nominal parameters, the median with the lower quartile (LQ) and upper quartile (UQ) for numeric variables (ordinal or asymmetric distribution), and the mean for numeric variables with normal distribution.
Note that this is different from benchmarks 1 and 3 5, which use simulated data and where the aim is to recover a fit as good as the one obtained with the nominal parameter vector, with which the data were generated.
Taking into account the real value of the accumulated energy determined by (16), the integer order model with nominal parameters (19) under estimates the amount of energy, while the fractional model (18) indicates almost the same value.
We are interested in the uniform version of this Hamiltonian with nominal parameters (U_{i}=U^{0}), for all i and (t_{ij} = t^{0}), for all i, j.
Associations between markers and binary clinical parameters were tested using an exact trend test, associations with nominal parameters were tested using Fisher's exact test.
The simplistic tests used ring-shaped networks (Fig. 3A), with nominal parameters randomly chosen to be at exact mid-points of the parameter discretization bins.
In this first-trial work, Gaussian white noise was added to the output of the model with nominal parameters and initial values representing a normal person.
We first simulate the system with nominal parameters K0 and choose a point on the corresponding periodic orbit to initialize the Newton iterations to calculate x e (K0).
In this case, y is treated as a vector of "nuisance" parameters that are co-estimated with the nominal parameters x in order to absorb error biases.
