Exact(4)
Relative evolutions in ppm with respect to the mean global values of the daily computed vector modulation scale factors for all ASM nominal instruments on Swarm Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie satellites from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014.
Without any specific data filtering, the scalar residuals of the ASM nominal instruments are characterized by a standard deviation σ of respectively 2.3, 2.4, and 4.5 nT on Swarm Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie.
While nominal instruments on Swarm Alpha and Bravo exhibit similar vector noise characteristics, the one on Swarm Charlie shows almost twice as much noise, a difference that cannot just be attributed to the higher scalar noise level of this instrument compared to those of Alpha and Bravo.
A scalar noise analysis in the [35- to 40-Hz] frequency band performed on corrected burst mode noise spectrograms for all instruments during commissioning reveals scalar resolutions of respectively 1.1, 1.0, and 1.5 pT/Hz for the ASM nominal instruments on Swarm Alpha, Bravo, and Charlie, in full agreement with on-ground characterizations.
Similar(56)
However, in the data analysis, a custom gravimetric calibration factor of 0.30, derived from controlled experiments, was applied to convert the logged nominal instrument readings from uncorrected milligrams per cubic metre to actual milligrams per cubic metre of fine particulate matter PM2.5 from secondhand smoke or background.
Similar performances are demonstrated in the nominal ASM instruments on Swarm Alpha and Bravo, with daily mean values well within the ±20-pT range and daily standard deviations in the [2- to 2.5-nT] range.
On 23 March, the MEP-i as well as the other science instruments started nominal observation.
Consequently, the measurement precision for each data point becomes better than 1 μGal on average, consistent with the nominal precision of the instrument (Okubo et al. 1997).
The calibration data testify a nominal behaviour of the instrument during these fifteen months of mission; the only exception is a minor loss of sensitivity for one of the two GDS receivers, attributed to dust contamination.
Future development efforts will focus on automating these choices, which might be guided by the goal of minimizing deviance of depth measurements from zero for purported dives that are within the nominal resolution of the instrument.
Based on the nominal resolution of the MODIS instruments, the total possible area burned for each fire pixel was assumed to be 1 km2.
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