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As pointed out by Aizen et al. [3], super-generalist aliens could actually become central nodes of highly invaded webs, increasing nestedness and contributing to the persistence of many species [5], but at the expense of greatly modifying network architecture during the invasion process.
As a scale-free network, PPI network's node connectivity distribution follows a power law, with a few nodes of highly connection and most others of low degree.
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This feature was also observed in community II, in which one third of the nodes consisted of highly conserved genes, many of which were genes associated with DNA replication.
It has been suggested that the scale-free properties of biological networks may arise, at least partially, as a result of preferential attachment of new nodes to highly connected nodes through gene duplication [ 13, 14].
A higher number of triangles (clusters) in a network leads to redundancy in paths between nodes such that there were alternate short paths through the network connecting nodes even after the removal of highly connected nodes.
Moreover, these networks exhibit short average path length and hierarchical organization, marked by locally-dense globally-sparse architecture directly reflected in the large number of poorly connected nodes and a relatively low number of highly connected nodes, called hubs [41], [42].
Network structure was characterized by a higher level of clustering than expected by chance, a short mean path length connecting all pairs of nodes, and a resiliency to the loss of highly connected nodes.
The rationale for considering this similarity measure is that nodes that are part of highly integrated modules are expected to have high topological overlap with their neighbors [ 4].
Especially in our simulation, the vehicular network behaves more complicated in connectivity, location-based routing performs worse because of non-uniform distribution of nodes and highly dynamic network topology.
Thus, a relatively small number of nodes is highly connected (the hubs) and most of the nodes are scarcely linked.
In this model, the frequency of nodes P(k) with k connections follows a power-law distribution equation P(k) ~ k-γ, in which most nodes are connected with small proportion of other nodes and a small proportion of nodes are highly connected.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com