In 10 patients, there were no symptoms of arthritis or serological abnormalities except polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in 7 patients, aCL in 1 patient, and RF in 1 patient.
Notably, we also observed serological abnormalities, such as weakly positive antinuclear antibody and anti-U1-RNP antibody.
Follow-up in 7 patients demonstrated improvement in either their serological abnormalities or their presenting clinical features on a gluten-free diet.
These results suggest that HAM patients with SS have a high prevalence of ocular inflammation and a low prevalence of serological abnormalities.
Compared with the control group, the AT-MSC-treated group had a higher survival rate, decreased histological and serological abnormalities, improved immunological function, and a decreased incidence of proteinuria.
Although the underlying causes leading to the series in her pregnancy course were uncertain, there were notable serological abnormalities, such as weakly positive antinuclear antibody and anti-U1-RNP antibody.
All patients were seen by a trained dietitian and commenced a gluten-free diet; seven patients (88%) demonstrated improvement in either their serological abnormalities or their presenting clinical features on a gluten-free diet.
Together with the classical clinical features of the disease, serological abnormalities, such as the presence of RF, are usually useful in the diagnosis of RA, and RF is included in the ACR criteria for RA.
Serological abnormalities including those of rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, ANA, anti-Ro, and anti-La are common in secondary glomerulonephritis with Sjögren's syndrome; however, serum complement levels are generally normal unless the patient has associated systemic lupus erythematosus.
In the cases with membranous nephropathy, IgG4 deposition along the glomerular capillaries was demonstrated [ 8], suggesting that membranous nephropathy shares the same pathogenesis as systemic serological abnormalities and other types of organ involvement.
