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Boxplots of the proportion of call types (y-axis) for females (top, nfemales = 12) and males (bottom, nmales = 10) over the detailed breeding stages (x-axis, UP: Unpaired, NN: No nest, Inspec: Nest inspection, Terr: Nest defence, Build: Nest building, Lay: Egg-laying, Incub: Incubation).
Vocal activity (number of distance, tet, stack, cackle, and whine calls, green points = means, green lines = standard errors) and specificity of vocal interactions within pairs (red bars) and with non-pair members (grey bars) over the breeding stages (UP: Unpaired, NN: No nest, Inspec: Nest inspection, Terr: Nest defence, Build: Nest building, Lay: Egg-laying, Incub: Incubating).
Normally, little or no nest material is added, except by the hoopoe (Upupa epops).
With that in the field, no nest of polyhedrons, however well crafted, is likely to finish first past the post.
Nightjars make no nest, depositing their eggs directly on the ground or on the leaf-covered floor of woodland.
Without social security benefits, the couple have no nest egg and now no child to care for them in their old age.
Similar(31)
Some bird species have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet.
Some species of modern bird have no nests; the cliff-nesting common guillemot lays its eggs on bare rock, and male emperor penguins keep eggs between their body and feet.
But this year there would be no nest-sitting, no tarp and no trench, and no mobs of turtle people and tourists watching as the hatchlings raced to the water.
They build no nests or mounds above ground.
This year, however, there are no nests on grouse moors or privately owned shooting estates in England.
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