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Students in the No Lab group did not significantly improve over the semester.
Less than 60% of students in the No Lab group used taxonomic language in the short answer responses.
In our study, the use of morphology as a rationale for organizing the phylogenetic tree significantly decreased for both the No Lab and Lab groups over the semester.
Despite significant emphasis on phylogeny and classification throughout the course, students' classification of organisms in the No Lab and Lab groups did not improve over the semester.
Students in the No Lab and Lab groups incorporated more structural features of a phylogenetic tree in their post-survey responses than in their pre-survey responses.
Of those students, 78 took the post-survey after the Phylogenetic Collection Lab (the 'Lab' group) and 82 took the survey before the Phylogenetic Collection Lab (the 'No Lab' group).
Comparisons between the scores of the No Lab and Lab groups for hierarchy levels were calculated using a 2 × 3 chi-square test; within-group comparisons were completed using a related-samples sign test.
For all such binary data, the differences between the No Lab and Lab groups were analyzed using a chi-square test; within-group repeated measure comparisons were completed using a McNemar change test.
Students' performance on the survey in both the No Lab and Lab groups did, however, improve over the course of the semester by incorporating accurate structural features of a tree and showing fewer misconceptions.
As there was no non-intervention control for the No Lab group, it is not appropriate to assume that students improved solely as a result of the lecture and other laboratory exercises.
A Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare these scores between the No Lab and Lab groups; within-group comparisons were calculated using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
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