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In particular, it has no equilibria.
In fact, if system (2.1) has the intertwining property at the point p, which is a regular point since there exist no equilibria in X ∖ A 1 ∪ A 2 ∪ { O }, then the orbit pR is contained in α ( q ).
There exist no equilibria in X ∖ A 1 ∪ A 2 ∪ { O } if system (2.1) has the intertwining property if and only if the α-limit set α ( q ) of q ∈ ∂ W 1 s ( O ) ∖ { O } (or ∂ W 2 s ( O ) ∖ { O } ) is at least two common points.
We saw that for both modes of infection, if the values of the viral replication rate β are small, no equilibria exist.
For μ > 0 suitably large and a17 x1) lower bounded by a positive number, then the system has no equilibria.
Similar(55)
For stochastic system (5), (E_{1}) and (E_{2}) are no longer equilibria, but in this section we can study the asymptotic behavior of solution around them.
We show that negative cyclic feedback networks have no stable equilibria but stable periodic orbits when certain conditions are satisfied.
(i) there is no infection equilibria if ; (ii) there is a unique infection equilibrium if ; (iii) there are two infection equilibria and if.
Theorem 13 System (1) possesses a unique minimal period-two solution in R + 2 which exists if and only if there are no multiple equilibria.
However, this saddle equilibrium lies outside a neighbourhood of the resting potential, and we observe a canard-like transition before and after the heteroclinic connection that is similar to the canard-like transition that occurs when no additional equilibria are present.
Concerning phase equilibria, no restrictive assumptions are made.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com