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There is no interaction between gender and parenthood, i.e. no combined effect has been found to be engendered by these two factors.
However, studies are rare in HBV-endemic regions (Yu et al, 2000), and our study suggests a relatively modest association between smoking and HCC, which could be caused by residual confounding from alcohol intake; we found no combined effect for cigarette smoking and other risk factors.
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No combined effects of the herbicide and insecticide exposure, either direct or indirect, were observed in the enclosure study.
However, no combined effects were found between these two polymorphisms.
No combined effects were seen between PFAS exposure and CYP1B1 and CYP19 polymorphisms.
11 Additionally, no combined effects of COX-2 genotypes and smoking or alcohol drinking were found.
It is not clear from our study whether the effects on mental health are influenced by social factors, such as teasing or bullying by peers, since there were no combined effects of obesity and pubertal status on social functioning.
When 10 heterocyclic amines were mixed in the diet at one-tenth dose level, clear synergism was observed, but no combined effects were evident with the one-hundredth dose levels.
Chi square statistical tests were used to test for heterogeneity ("Q statistic") between controlled trials; when there was no significant heterogeneity, we combined effect sizes in a random effects statistical meta-analysis using Evidence for Policy and Practice Information Centre reviewer software.
Firstly, the heterogeneity of the study designs prohibited meta-analysis, so study findings were not weighted, and there were no analysis of the combined effect or sensitivity analysis for the effect of multiple confounders identified, including the risk of bias of included studies.
No research has investigated their combined effect.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com