There were no associated abnormalities like cleft lip/palate, tibial agenesis, visceral or cardiac anomalies seen in this patient.
No associated abnormalities were reported in the cases with RET mutations, although mutations in this gene have been associated with another malformation, Hirschprung disease (OMIM 142623) [42].
Decreased nutritional intake and depleted whole body carnitine stores related to an associated abnormality in fatty acid metabolism may be contributing factors [39], [40].
Patients HIV negative with cough for more than 2 weeks and an associated abnormality in a chest X-ray were considered suspect of having TB and were isolated.
However, at present it is unclear whether poor neurodevelopment is caused by hypothyroxinaemia or whether the hypothyroxinaemia is a consequence of other factors that also cause poor neurodevelopmental outcome and simply an associated abnormality.
No other regions with associated abnormalities were detected on further examination, except for the cystic lesion in the right anterior segment.
More recently, cases of tracheal atresia have been reported with associated abnormalities described as TACRD association [ 5– 7, 21].
Literature data report that anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies are associated with neonatal lupus erythematosus and other associated abnormalities such as congenital heart block (CHB), cardiomyopathy, cutaneous lupus lesions, hepatobiliary disease, and hematologic cytopenias [ 8, 9].
This insomnia of abstinence and the associated abnormalities in sleep architecture may contribute to poor cognitive performance, to mood dysregulation, and to worse clinical outcomes.
The role of MRI is limited, except when visualisation of the foetal brain or visceral organs is required to look for associated abnormalities or to assess foetal lung volume [7].
A detailed fetal ultrasound imaging for associated abnormalities, maternal STORCH (syphilis, cytomegalovirus, herpesvirus 1 and 2, rubella, and Toxoplasma ) analysis, parvovirus serologic condition, and parental cystic fibrosis mutations analysis were performed; amniocentesis was offered in all cases.
