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The lunar lander ran on nitrogen tetroxide and Aerozine 50, which doesn't.
Ariane 1 was liquid-fueled; it originally used a mixture of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UMDH) and nitrogen tetroxide.
The oxidizer used with hypergolic fuel is usually nitrogen tetroxide or nitric acid.
These fuels and oxidizers, such as hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide have threshold limit values as low as 0.01 PPM.
The effect of the varying temperature and pressure of a sound wave moving through nitrogen tetroxide gas on the dissociation of nitrogen tetroxide depends on the frequency of that sound wave.
Other oxidizers that have seen operational use are nitric acid (HNO3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4), which are liquids under ambient conditions.
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Guttman, A. Absolute infrared intensity measurements on nitrogen dioxide and dinitrogen tetroxide.
§ 173.336 Nitrogen dioxide, liquefied, or dinitrogen tetroxide, liquefied.
By determining the relaxation time, it is possible to derive the rate at which nitrogen dioxide combines to form dinitrogen tetroxide, as well as the rate of the reverse reaction.
Thus, manganese burns in chlorine to give manganese dichloride, MnCl2; reacts with fluorine to give manganese di- and trifluorides, MnF2 and MnF3; and burns in nitrogen at about 1,200° C (2,200 °F) to give trimanganese dinitride, Mn3N2, and in oxygen to give trimanganese tetroxide, Mn3O4.
Density impulse values calculated based on exhaust temperatures and simulated equilibrium gas properties and assuming 1 atm chamber pressure and expansion to vacuum show that the maximum density impulse of kerosene/steam/oxygen combustion to be within 6% of the adiabatic density impulse of hydrazine/nitrogen tetroxide.
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