Nano-porous silicon (NP-Si) and nano-inverted-pyramid silicon (NIP-Si) structures have been formed by Ag-catalyzed chemical etching without and with NaOH modification on solar-grade multi-crystalline silicon substrates, respectively.
This work focused on the transitions from prokarya to eukarya, from unicellular to multicellular eukarya, from free living to host-associated bacteria, and from anaerobic to aerobic respiration, in the context of the structure of NIPs.
Furthermore, the exon/intron lengths and gene structure for each NIP gene were examined (Additional file 1), since the exon/intron structures were terribly important for investigating the evolution of any gene family.
The Chemical structure of MIPs and NIP (Figs. 2a c, 3a, b) was examined by using the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Structural variations in the surface morphology and internal structure of the both MIP and NIP polymer particles resulting were studied by the SEM microscope (Fig. 4).
The first stage of Ni/Si(Ge) reaction leads to the formation of a germano-silicide layer made of Nip(Si1−xGex q nano-grains exhibiting different structures and compositions.
Then, for all taxa group comparisons considered, classification models were built to assess the effectiveness of a comprehensive set of 52 quantitative descriptors of the structure and complexity of NIPs in distinguishing the groups.
In the second case, the large number of representative taxa suggests a genuine absence of significant differences in the structure and complexity of NIPs of psycrophilic, mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria.
Another gene, Bra010574, which has the BRAMI-1 insertion in 5th intron, showed conserved CDS sequences without any change of gene structure compared to its NIPs (Bra011704) and its Arabidopsis ortholog (At4g36760, 15 ORF, N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID BINDING PROTEIN).
The conserved intron positions among NIPs in A. thaliana and P. patens indicate that this gene structure was also present in the ancestral NIP gene.
Although NIP proteins exhibit a similar three-dimensional structure [ 32], functional divergence has extensively occurred among NIP groups.
