In this paper, a highly oriented heat conduction structure of asphalt pavement, with a combination of low thermal conductivity layer and three-layered gradient heat conduction structure, was proposed to reduce pavement temperature and decrease nighttime heat release into the atmosphere in summer.
Simulation shows a maximum nighttime urban heat island (UHI) intensity of 2 2.25 °C, relative to a rural reference point, during both summer and winter, with significant spatial variability related to the height-to-width ratio of urban street canyons and to the surface land cover.
Analysis of the EISCAT UHF CP1-J data during daytime and nighttime ion frictional heating events indicates that the temperature of heavier ions increases much more than that of lighter ions and the concentration of molecular ions increases while that of atomic ions decreases.
These images reveal spatial temperature gradients at the urban surface and contrasting nighttime and daytime heat island patterns, which reflect the different day and night rates of heating and cooling among urban, suburban, and rural areas.
On hot summer-sunny day, Control without BTI facilitates notable daytime influx and nighttime efflux of heat.
