Nevertheless, one of the most serious drawbacks upon using hydrocarbon-rich fuel gas is the deposition of carbon or carbon filament formation on the electrode, blocking gas diffusion at the catalytically active triple phase boundary anode/electrolyte/fuel by coking, and in parallel inducing mechanical damage via carbon filament formation and nickel "dusting".
Manufacture of transport equipment : trichloroethylene, chromium VI, nickel, wood dust, solar radiation.
Epidemiologic evidence indicates an association between inhalation exposures to nickel refinery dust containing soluble nickel compounds and increased risk of respiratory cancers.
For a number of agents in Table 2 (i.e., formaldehyde, tetrachloroethylene, chromium, nickel, wood dust and mineral oil) that were linked to multiple cancer sites, the number of exposed workers used in the estimation of the AF for a cancer site may have been lower than that indicated in the table.
Attributable fractions for NPC and SNC have been calculated for formaldehyde and wood dusts (for both cancers) and in addition for SNC, leather dust, nickel, Cr VI and mineral oils.
Known agents that increase the risk of sinonasal carcinoma are wood and leather dust, nickel, chromium, welding fumes, isopropyl alcohol, formaldehyde, and arsenic.
None of the cases with tumours with K- ras mutations were exposed to other potential confounders, i.e. leather and textile dust, nickel and chromium VI).
From an epidemiological standpoint, occupational exposures to leather, wood dust, nickel, arsenic, and formaldehyde have been implicated in the aetiology of MSSCC (Luce et al, 2002; Bornholdt et al, 2008).
In the Northeast, entire pregnancy exposures to constituents most closely associated with motor vehicles, EC and zinc, were associated with lower birth weights and higher risk of term LBW, as were oil combustion associated elements, vanadium and nickel, and road dust and related constituents such as silicon and aluminum (Bell et al. 2010).
The main occupational exposures of interest are asbestos, man-made mineral fibers, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some chromium and nickel compounds, arsenic, wood dust, textile dust, solvents, strong acids, cutting fluids, silica, diesel fumes and welding fumes.
