Exact(41)
Extensive hydrogen bonding in the liquid state explains why hydrogen fluoride (HF), water (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) have boiling points much higher than those of their heavier analogues, hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and phosphine (PH3).
Ammonia (NH3) and ammonium deposition continue to increase in some parts of the United States, especially in areas with intensive agriculture and livestock production.
An example of a coordination compound is [Co(NH3 6]Cl3, which contains the Co(NH3 63+ ion, a cobalt ion (Co3+) with six ammonia molecules (NH3) attached to it, acting as ligands.
Most nitrogen fertilizers are obtained from synthetic ammonia; this chemical compound (NH3) is used either as a gas or in a water solution, or it is converted into salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium phosphate, but packinghouse wastes, treated garbage, sewage, and manure are also common sources of it.
Examples of common ligands are the neutral molecules water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon monoxide (CO) and the anions cyanide (CN-), chloride (Cl-), and hydroxide (OH-).
Ammonia (NH3) is not present in plasma or filtrate but is generated in the distal tubular cells and passes into the lumen probably by passive diffusion down a concentration gradient.
Similar(19)
Thus, the addition of a sufficiently high concentration of ammonia to an aqueous solution of a nickel(2+) salt leads, through a series of reactions (see above Aqua complexes), to the formation of the hexaamminenickel(2+) ion, which can be precipitated, for example, as the sulfate salt, [Ni(NH3 6]SO4.
Thus, the hexaammineplatinum(4+) ion dissociates according to the following equilibrium: [Pt(NH3 6]4+⇌ [Pt(NH2)(NH+)5]3++ H+.
Ionic coordination compounds that contain complex cations and anions can exist as isomers if the ligands associated with the two metal atoms are exchanged, as in the pair of compounds, hexaamminecobalt(3+) hexacyanochromate(3–), [Co(NH3 6][Cr CN 6], and hexaamminechromium(3+) hexacyanocobaltate(3–), [Cr(NH3 6][Co CN 6].
Thus the metal atom has coordination number 8 in the coordination complexes [Mo CN 8]4- and [Sr(H2O 8]2+; 7 in the complex [ZrF7]3-; 4 in the complexes [Zn CN 4]2-, [Cu CN 4]3-, and [Ni CN 4]4-; 2 in the complexes [Ag(NH3 2]+, [AuCl2]-, and [HgCl2].
Thus, addition of ammonia to an aqueous solution of a cobalt(2+) salt in the presence of air or oxygen leads to the formation of cobalt(3+ -ammine complexes such as hexaamminecobalt(3+ -ammineH3)6]3+, and pentaammineaquacomplexes), [Co(NH3)5(H2O)]3+, ionsuch
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