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It active site (C30 P31 H32 C33) consists of a disulfide bridge that is transferred to newly translocated proteins.
The thiol/disulfide interchange protein DsbA, a member of the thioredoxin family of disulfide oxidoreductases, catalyzes disulfide bond formation by donating its disulfide to newly translocated proteins in many prokaryotes [ 27].
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Chaperonins, such as the GroE complex of the bacteria Escherichia coli, assist the folding of proteins under non-permissive folding conditions by providing a cavity in which the newly translated or translocated protein can be encapsulated.
The newly synthesized proteins are translocated co- or post-translationally into the ER lumen through the Sec61p translocon.
The newly synthesized enzyme is translocated into the lumen of the ER, transported constitutively through the Golgi complex and then targeted for secretion at the plasma membrane.
Newly synthesized theanine is translocated into the tender shoots through the xylem, where it either accumulates or is broken down into glutamic acid and ethylamine by theanine hydrolase (ThYD, EC 3.5.1.65) [ 50].
It is unclear at this time whether ICP0 directly affects the loss of activated forms of IRF3 or whether activated IRF3 is relatively short-lived and the loss of nuclear IRF3 reflects the lack of newly activated molecules translocating into the nucleus.
In addition, p12 interferes with MHC class I presentation by translocating newly synthesized MHC class I heavy chains towards the proteasome.
Surprisingly, L-plastin translocated to these newly assembled actin-rich structures in response to PMA treatment.
In this way, PERK activation results in a quick reduction in the load of newly synthesized proteins that are translocated into the ER-lumen (Harding et al., 2000).
When faced with ER stress, PERK-mediated translational attenuation contributes to adaptation by reducing the load of newly synthesized proteins that are translocated into the ER (Harding et al., 2000).
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