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On the other hand, new exchanging ligands such as mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) or di-thiol were introduced during device fabrication process to remove the long-chain carboxyl acid ligands on the surface of PbS CQDs.
With development of nanotechnology, many efforts had been made to improve the PCE of PbS CQDs solar cells, including packing and passivation of CQDs [21, 22], adoption of new exchanging ligands [23], and design of new device structure [24].
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You always have your phone, so when you meet someone new, exchange your details and send them a quick message.
Indeed, the partners in the new exchange chose London as the venue for a news conference announcing the merger.
In 1997, the stodgy Deutsche Borse started a new exchange with far easier entrance rules called the Neue Markt, or New Market.
And, second, new exchanges have sprung up.
What would the new exchange rate be?
Three new exchanges have set up shop in the past year.
"France wants a new relationship and that means it needs to go through new exchanges".
The new exchange will trade New York Stock Exchange, Nasdaq Stock Market and American Stock Exchange shares.
If Mr Obama's health law stands, millions will soon shop for insurance on new exchanges.
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