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For each system, counterions (Na+) were used to neutralize the system and, then, the neutralized system was immersed in an orthorhombic box of TIP3P water molecules with a minimum solute-wall distance of 10 Å.
Potassium/sodium (for Kv1.3/NavAb) and chloride ions are added to both neutralize the system and simulate a 250-mM ionic concentration.
Counterions were added to neutralize the system.
Appropriate chlorine ions were added to neutralize the system.
The resultant system was solvated, followed by the addition of ions to neutralize the system to 0.15 M NaCl concentration.
The minimized B-form dodecamer was solvated in a 61 Å×61 Å×61 Å cube with enough randomly distributed sodium ions to electrostatically neutralize the system.
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Sodium and chloride ions were added to neutralize the systems.
The DOR pairs and the membrane were then solvated, and counterions were added to neutralize the systems.
All sodium ions were initially placed at a minimal distance of 3 Å from the protein, and additional chloride ions were added to neutralize the systems.
To simulate physiological conditions that enable kinase activity, Mg2+ ions were added at a concentration of 50 mM, near the ATP, and Cl− ions were added to neutralize the systems.
It could be used to track red blood cells to diagnose blood diseases, spread imaging agents throughout the body to visualize atherosclerotic plaques or blocked arteries, or neutralize the immune system before transplants by blocking antibodies that enter the bloodstream.
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