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Furthermore, vaccines can elicit antibodies that do not act directly upon the tumor cells; some neutralize growth factors, cytokines, or the blood supply needed by cancer cells to inhibit the tumor's expansion and others target the connective tissue or stroma between tumor cells.
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They either neutralize angiogenic growth factors from the circulation or block the signaling pathways activated by these growth factors.
For example, neurologists have tried pain drugs that neutralize nerve growth factor and control pain without the use of opioids, say in arthritis.
Biological activity of Fst288 was verified by its ability to neutralize the growth inhibitory effect of activin on mouse MPC11 cells (Phillips et al., 1999).
HRV strains have been classified into 99 serotypes [ 16] based on the ability of a given serum to neutralize virus growth of a given strain in cell culture, although several serotypes share significant antigenic cross-reactivity [ 17].
Taken together, our data indicated follistatin regulated oval cell proliferation only by blocking activin A. Our data also indicated that although follistatin itself did not have the ability to work as mitogen, it could neutralize the growth arrest of activin A and facilitated the proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells.
The human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the growth factor TGFβ2 (CAT-152) safely and effectively inhibits in vitro and in vivo models of conjunctival scarring.
Titers were reported as the reciprocal of the highest dilution of serum that completely neutralized virus growth.
The addition of neutralizing antitransforming growth factor beta antibodies to the 'opsonized' supernatant blocked expression of smooth muscle actin, supporting a potential role of transforming growth factor beta in the final pathologic cascade to scarring.
Our data suggest that earthworms can neutralize positive plant growth responses to soil heterogeneity by exacerbating decreases in the supply of N to the plant.
We found that Noggin failed to neutralize the neurite growth promoting activity for mitral/tufted cells in the OECM.
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